The reactivation of the Hill reaction in C 0 2-depleted broken chloroplasts by various concen­ trations of bicarbonate was measured in the absence and in the presence o f photosystem II herbicides. It appears that these herbicides decrease the apparent affinity o f the thylakoid membrane for bicarbonate. Different characteristics o f bicarbonate binding were observed in chloroplasts o f triazin...

poaceous weeds are prolific and competitive in winter crops, but they are more insidious in wheat due to their similar morphology and growing requirements. herbicides are effective and efficient tools of weed management, however, they are vulnerable to resistance, and herbicides with different modes of action might check the dominance of a particular weed flora. the current study was undertaken...

There is narrow selectivity in cotton with regards to soil-applied herbicides, meaning that rates needed for effective weed control can likewise cause cotton injury, especially when environmental conditions are less than optimal for cotton emergence and growth. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of seed size, vigor, and planting depth on cotton injury from soil-applie...

Photosystem II Herbicides, Chlorotic Herbicides, Chlorophylls, Carotenoids, Phytochrome, Inhibitors Etioplasts of radish seedlings treated with photosystem II (DCMU, bentazon) and chlorotic herbicides (amitrole, SAN 6706) were tested on their ability to perform the phytochrome mediated chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis. The cytoplasmic influence on the chloroplastic action of herbicides w...

The effect of the herbicides and aryloxy-phenoxy-propionic acid derivatives diclofop, fenoxaprop, fluazifop and haloxyfop and their ethyl, methyl or butyl esters on the de novo fatty-acid biosynthesis of isolated chloroplasts was investigated with intact chloroplasts isolated from sensitive grasses (Poaceae) and tolerant dicotyledonous plants (Pisum, Spinacia). The 4 herbicides (free-acid form)...

Depeneding on the quality and quantity of herbicides and their mode of action and soil type, the number of different groups of microorganisms in soil increased or decreased. Sulphonylurea herbicides belong to a group of pesticides which in doses of only a few grams per hectar are sufficient to control weeds. The mode of action of these herbicides is based on blocking the enzyme acetolactate syn...

To evaluate the effect of residue of sulfonylurea herbicides and  wheat residues on the growth and yield of sunflower, a split factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications at the College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. The treatments included with and without wheat residues from the tested farm as the main plots, a...

Biological weed management is a system that incorporates the use of diverse biological organisms and biologically-based approaches including allelopathy, crop competition, and other cultural practices to significantly reduce weed densities in a manner that is similar to use of chemical herbicides alone. Interest in developing effective biological weed management systems continues to increase be...

The concept o f using chemical safeners to improve herbicide selectivity became widely known in 1969 with the introduction o f naphthalic anhydride (N A ) to improve the tolerance o f maize to thiocarbamate herbicides. Soon thereafter dichlormid was also developed as a safener for thiocarbamates in maize. At present there are at least eight different chemical safeners that have been developed c...

BACKGROUND The design of sustainable weed management strategies requires a good understanding of the mechanisms by which weeds evolve resistance to herbicides. Here we have conducted a study on the mechanism of resistance to ACCase inhibiting herbicides in a Lolium multiflorum population (RG3) from the UK. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Analysis of plant phenotypes and genotypes showed that a...