TheWalker circulation is linked to extratropical waves that are deflected from theNorthernHemisphere polar regions and travel southeastward over central Asia toward the western Pacific warm pool during northern winter. The wave pattern resembles the east Atlantic–west Russia pattern and influences the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) region. A tripole pattern between theWest Siberian Plain a...

summer heat and drought conditions, especially in the southern half of iran's air sovereignty is recognized. in order to investigate the synoptic conditions - scanning the effect of unusual rain event for summer 12 to 6 september 2008 (22-16 september 1387) in the southern zagros range, environmental approach to sightseeing and daily statistics recording station 270 days of rain detected. ...

The summer-to-summer variability of the areal extent of marine stratiform cloudiness (MSC; stratus, stratocumulus, and fog) over the North Pacific is examined for the period of record 1952–92 using a dataset based on surface observations. Variability is largest in two regions: the central and western Pacific along 358N coincident with a strong meridional gradient in climatological MSC amount, a...

Regional patterns of tropical Indo-Pacific climate change are investigated over the last six decades based on a synthesis of in situ observations and ocean model simulations, with a focus on physical consistency among sea surface temperature (SST), cloud, sea level pressure (SLP), surface wind, and subsurface ocean temperature. A newly developed bias-corrected surface wind dataset displays west...

[1] This study analyzes the spatial and temporal changes in sunshine duration (SunDu) and total cloud cover (TCC) over the Iberian Peninsula (IP) and four subregions during 1961–2004 using high-quality, homogenized data sets. The analyses confirm that over most of the IP and in most seasons, SunDu and TCC variations are strongly negatively correlated, with absolute values 0.8–0.9. Somewhat weak...

This study revisits the question posed by Hoskins on why the Northern Hemisphere Pacific sea level pressure (SLP) anticyclone is strongest and maximally extended in summer when the Hadley cell descent in the northern subtropics is the weakest. The paradoxical evolution is revisited because anticyclone buildup to the majestic summer structure is gradual, spread evenly over the preceding 4–6 mont...

This study examines the inter-annual variability of rainfall and Mean Sea Level Pressure (MSLP) over west Africa based on analysis Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) Reanalysis respectively. An interconnection is found in this region, between anomaly (over Azores St. Helena High) monthly mean pre...

At high altitudes, the air pressure is much lower than it is at sea level and contains fewer oxygen molecules and less oxygen is taken in at each breath. This requires deeper and rapid breathing to get the same amount of oxygen into the blood stream compared to breathing in air at sea level. Exercises increase the oxygen demand and make breathing more difficult at high altitude. In this study, ...

1 Throughout much of the latter half of the 20th century, the dominant mode of North2 ern Hemisphere (NH) extratropical wintertime circulation variability−the Arctic Oscillation 3 (AO)−exhibited a positive trend, with decreasing high-latitude sea-level pressure (SLP) and 4 increasing mid-latitude SLP. General circulation models (GCMs) show this trend is related 5 to several factors, including N...