Numerous studies have demonstrated the widespread presence of chemical short-range order (SRO) in medium and high entropy alloys (M/HEAs). However, mechanism their influence on macroscopic mechanical behavior remains to be understood. In this paper, we propose a novel dislocation-based model crystal plasticity, by considering both dislocation blocking coplanar slip induced SRO. The effect SRO p...

Heat shock treatment (HST) and UV-B irradiation can reduce pathogen infection in crops. However, information on the mechanism of action is limited. Here, we investigated UV-B-induced resistance against powdery mildew cucumber compared it to that heat-shock-induced resistance. We measured percentage leaf area showing disease symptoms examined expression levels defense- heat-shock-related genes a...

Background: All aerobically growing organisms suffer from exposure to oxidative stress, caused by partially reduced forms of molecular oxygen, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). These are highly reactive and capable of damaging cellular constituents such as DNA, lipids and proteins. Consequently, cells from many different organisms have evolved mechanisms to protect their components...

It was found that a state of relative resistance can be built up in highly inbred skincompatible C3H mice against the isotransplantation of lymphomas recently induced in the same strain by the Gross virus. Resistance could be built up in two different ways: by pretreating the recipients with homografts of other Gross lymphomas, in duced in genetically incompatible mice, or with sub-threshold do...

Obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In adipose tissue, obesity-mediated insulin resistance correlates with the accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages and inflammation. However, the causal relationship of these events is unclear. Here, we report that obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice precedes macrophage accumulation and inflammation in adipose...