اصطلاح نویسندگان بیش از حد (Hyper-authorship) یا (Mass-authorship) برای مقالاتی مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد که تعداد نویسندگان آن‌ها از حد متعارف، بسیار فراتر رفته باشد. اگر چه شاید نتوان حد متعارفی برای تعداد نویسندگان یک مقاله مشخص نمود، شواهد موجود نشان می‌دهند که تعداد مقالاتی که نویسندگان آن‌ها از هزار نفر بالاتر می‌باشد، در حال رشد فزآینده‌ای هستند. مطالعه به عمل آمده بر روی مقالات نمایه ش...

تاکنون در مجله دانشگاه، پیرامون انواع مطالعات مروری، مقالاتی را به رشته تحریر درآورده‌ایم [5-1]. در این سخن سردبیری، قصد داریم به یکی دیگر از مطالعات مروری با عنوان مرور سریع (Rapid Review)، بپردازیم. لازم به توضیح است که تاکنون تعریف جامع و یکسانی از مرور سریع به عمل نیامده است. این نکته به خاطر آن است که روش‌های متفاوتی برای انجام یک مرور سریع در نظر گرفته شده است. با این وجود، می‌توان بر روی...

it seems that resolution of internal conflict is studied less than the international one. current literature in this regard is not focused on theoretical aspects of conflict resolution, particularly, on conditions and necessaries of resolving these kinds of conflicts. nevertheless, in political science literature it is possible to find some texts that implicitly or explicitly are related to thi...

INTRODUCTION An estimated 803,900 people worldwide died as a result of self-harm in 2012. The deliberate ingestion of pesticides has been identified as the method most frequently used to commit fatal self-harm globally. In Sri Lanka, it is estimated that up to 60% of all suicides are committed using this method. The aim of the present study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of an ongoing safe...

These notes extensively use material from course notes of Lars Arge, David Mount, COMP 2805/3803 Notes of myself and Michiel Smid [10], CLRS book [3], Knuth’s Art of Computer Programming [8], Kleinberg and Tardos Algorithms book [7], Ullman et al’s book on Algorithms for Massive Data Sets [13]. They are updated occasionally. I have used part of this material for graduate course COMP 5703 on Alg...

Hint . Without loss of generality, assume that L = L(G), where G = (V,Σ, P, S) is in Chomsky normal form, and let R = L(D), for some DFA D = (Q,Σ, δ, q0, F ). Use a kind of cross-product construction as sketched below. Construct a CFG G2 whose set of nonterminals is Q×N ×Q ∪ {S0}, where S0 is a new nonterminal, and whose productions are of the form: S0 → (q0, S, f), for every f ∈ F ; (p,A, δ(p,...

This chapter gives a brief introduction to quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics can be thought of roughly as the study of physics on very small length scales, although there are also certain macroscopic systems it directly applies to. The descriptor “quantum” arises because in contrast with classical mechanics, certain quantities take on only discrete values. However, some quantities still take...

As is well known, Huffman’s algorithm is a remarkably simple, and wonderfully illustrative example of how to use the greedy method to design algorithms. However, the Huffman coding problem, which is to find an optimal binary character code (or an optimal binary tree with weighted leaves) is intrinsically technical, and its specification is ill-suited for students with modest mathematical sophis...