Antibiotic resistance has been increasing along with antibiotic use. At the same time, the supply of new drugs to replace those rendered inefficient by the development has been dwindling, leading to concerns that we may soon lack efficient means to treat bacterial infections. Though the problem has received considerable interest, there are no indications that the situation is about to change. T...

ealth care reform now heads the U.S. domestic agenda, but this generation of policymakers may be less successful than its predecessors in effecting major changes. The president wants universal coverage and a wider array of services. Key members of both parties, such as Senators Dole and Moynihan, resist anything so grandiose. “Yes, there are problems,” declared the Republican congressional lead...

It has consistently been shown that among the three mainland Scandinavian languages, Danish is most difficult to understand for fellow Scandinavians. Recent research suggests that Danish is spoken significantly faster than Norwegian and Swedish. This finding might partly explain the asymmetric intelligibility among Scandinavian languages. However, since fast speech goes hand in hand with a high...

Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder and affects tens of millions individuals worldwide. It characterized by isolated upper-limb tremors for at least three years without other neurological signs or in locations. Despite ET being a widespread disorder, its etiology pathophysiology are poorly understood. This lack understanding poses significant challenges towards developmen...

In the traditional cost-efficiency model, the information about each decision unit includes inputs, outputs, and the input prices are fixed and specific. In practice, the price of the inputs often fluctuates at different times, and these prices for the decision-making unit are time-dependent. By the traditional method, the efficiency of decision units is impossible in the presence of time-depen...