the main challenge of developing countries, is achieving growth and development. review of economic growth literature shows that the quality of institutions and social infrastructure are important factors that influence the economic growth and development. also many analysts believe that between institutional factors, the rule of law is one of the most elements for appropriate system for invest...

Understanding the impact of postdam climate feedbacks, resulting from land use/land cover (LULC) variability, on modification of extreme precipitation (EP) remains a challenge for a twenty-first-century approach to dam design and operation. In this study, the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS, version 6.0) was used, involving a number of predefined LULC scenarios to address the importa...

abstract land surface hydrological models has importance in the determination of soil moisture and temperature, the rate of evapotranspiration, stream flow by emphasis on the land surface physical and dynamic process descriptions. in this research, vic land surface hydrological model has been used for the land surface temperature and stream flow determination. the vic runoff simulation in each ...

this study investigates the effects of the government effectiveness and financial development indices on economic growth in d-8 countries over the period 1996-2012, by applying the panel smooth transition regression (pstr) model. for this purpose, we use non-linear least squares (nls) method for estimation of model. the estimation results reject the linearity hypothesis, and estimate two regime...

introduction: the modis facility for the earth observing system is a key element that supports ambitious goals related to studying the earth as a system. one of the modis products is high quality land surface temperature data that product in terra and aqua platforms. knowledge of the lst provides information on the temporal and spatial variations of the surface equilibrium state and is of funda...

The CO oxidation reaction on Rh(111) was studied both at low pressures (e2 × 10-4 Torr) under steadystate conditions and at high pressures (0.01-88 Torr) in a batch reactor at various gaseous reactant compositions. Surface CO and O coverages were determined using polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). CO titratio...