In endodontics, a laser can be used as a heat source and gutta-percha can be softened by a laser and used in the root canals. The System-B endodontic heat source unit was designed for the obturation of the root canal system with a single continuous wave of thermoplasticized gutta-percha. The aim of this study was to compare the apical leakage of lateral condensation; Nd: YAG laser-softened gutt...

We propose to determine the optimal softening length in N -body halo simulations by minimizing the ensemble-average acceleration error at a small radius r0. This strategy ensures that the error never exceeds the optimal value beyond r0. Furthermore, we derive semi-analytic formulae for calculating the acceleration error due to the discreteness of particles and softened gravity, which are valida...

This article analyses the anti-populist strategy of La République en marche! (LREM) during Yellow Vest protests by comparing it with one used against Rassemblement National (RN), France’s main populist party. It argues that while political elites LREM have ostracised and strongly demonised RN to contain its progression, their reaction protest movement was more balanced cautious. As they were fa...

We show that the algorithm proposed by Gauss to compute the secular evolution of gravitationally interacting Keplerian rings extends naturally to softened gravitational interactions. The resulting tool is ideal for the study of the secular dynamical evolution of nearly Keplerian systems such as stellar clusters surrounding black holes in galactic nuclei, cometary clouds, or planetesimal discs. ...

Herein, we study the microstructuring of toluene-vapor-softened polystyrene surfaces with nonsolvent sessile droplets. Arrays of microvessels are obtained by depositing non-evaporating droplets of ethylene glycol/water on the original polystyrene surfaces and subsequently exposing them to saturated toluene vapor. The droplets act as a mask on the polymer, thereby impeding the toluene vapor to d...