background & aim: cesarean section (cs) rates have been increasing steadily, worldwide. the knowledge and attitude of health professionals towards natural childbirth and cs are important factors in selecting a mode of delivery. the purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of midwifery and nursing students towards different modes of delivery. methods:in this descriptive,...

This note is to show that the generalized commodity exploitation theorem put forward by Bowles and Gintis (1981) and Roemer (1982, 1986) is nothing but an alternative form of the Hawkins-Simon condition for a given technical data, and that it has nothing to do with exploitation. That is, the Hawkins-Simon condition means a mere possibility of an economic system to produce a surplus in each comm...

Background: Maternal childbirth expectations play an important role in determining a woman’s response to her childbirth experience. Women need to be helped to develop realistic and positive expectations and identify the factors that infl uence these expectations. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare woman’s expectations and experiences of childbirth. Methods: This descriptive-compara...

PURPOSE This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a one-session spouse-support enhancement childbirth education on childbirth self-efficacy and perception of childbirth experience. METHODS The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest experiment. The participants in the study were 31 couples in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. The expe...

This model is the first to solve for the optimal timing of childbirth and number of children in a continuous time framework simultaneously. The model depicts how changes in wage at different stages of an individual’s life influence the timing decision of childbirth and the optimal number of children. When a woman wants to have more children, she decides to have them at a younger age. Medical re...

BACKGROUND Bangladesh has achieved major gains in maternal and newborn survival, facility childbirth and skilled birth attendance between 1991 and 2010, but excess maternal mortality persists. High-quality maternal health care is necessary to address this burden. Implementation of WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist (SCC), whose items address the major causes of maternal deaths, is hypothesized to im...

background to assess maternal confidence in her ability to cope with labor, a measure of childbirth self efficacy is necessary. objectives this paper aims to assess the cultural adaptation and psychometric testing of the short form of childbirth self-efficacy inventory among iranian pregnant women. patients and methods in this descriptive-methodological study, we investigated 383 iranian pregna...