nowadays enhancing critical thinking in learners is considered one of the foreign language teachers’ tasks due to its high position in foreign language classrooms. when it comes to selecting materials for language classrooms, there are obviously some criteria that teachers should apply. the present study aimed at a critical thinking based analysis of ten picture story books and ten folktales th...

Dust particles have triggered a precarious condition in the southwestern regions in Iran. It brings about an unstable air-breathing health situation for the local residents. Therefore, an immediate collaboration is necessary among a variety of experts in different fields including the environment, health environment, geology, physical geography, chemistry of air pollution, fluid mechanics, mete...

abstract the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of using model essays on the development of writing proficiency of iranian pre-intermediate efl learners. to fulfill the purpose of the study, 55 pre- intermediate learners of parsa language institute were chosen by means of administering proficiency test. based on the results of the pretest, two matched groups, one as the expe...

teachers’ beliefs greatly influence their performance in the classroom, their choice of instructional strategies, their way of controlling the class, their dealing with the students, and their general goals and objectives. one of these beliefs is teachers’ sense of efficacy which is viewed as an important construct and has shown to be positively correlated with students’ achievement (ross, 1992...

the treatment of in completely formed pulpless teeth has presented considrable problems. these teeth have wide open apexes and the walls of the root canal diverge toward the apical tissues. mechanical preparation cannot be done in the normal manner beacause of the large initial size and the taper of apical part of the canal , a mechanical stop cannot be produced at the apex of the canal and , t...

The expatriation of the elites has undoubtedly been one of the most crucial national issues of the past two decades. From the early 1960s onward, brain drain has served as a problem, which researchers have studied form different perspectives using various approaches, so much so that giant global organizations such as the World Bank and the UNESCO conducted studies and attempted to offset its ef...