Due to the recent increase in trade, travel and political and social co-operation, language competence has become a key skill in modern Europe. Great efforts have been made to improve language training at all education levels. Whereas in the past language teaching was mainly related to cultural themes with an emphasis on literature, communicative aspects in everyday international contact situat...

Institutions of Higher Education are beginning to place a greater emphasis on quality teaching and student learning. However, few faculty receive any type of teacher training prior to entering the academy. As a result, faculty development is one likely solution to teacher quality issues. But faculty development is faced with serious shortcomings that impede its ability to improve teacher qualit...

objectives: cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in united states and many parts of the world. this study aimed to evaluate the risk factors of coronary artery disease in residents and non-residents of elderly care homes in tehran. methods & materials: in this descriptive study, about 382 elderly with above 65 years of age participated, from whom 191 were non-resident and 191 we...

The concept of teacher efficacy has received significant attention in educational contexts in the recent years and has been empirically probed at 2 levels: individual teacher efficacy and collective teacher efficacy. Having their origins in the social cognitive theory, teacher and collective efficacy perceptions are quite distinct constructs, each affecting educational decisions and student ach...

performance evaluation is one of the important components of each organization, and educational organizations are not the exceptions. teachers are believed by many researchers as the single most important factor influencing student academic success or failure. therefore, they need to be at the center of attempts to improve or reform the educational system of any country. considering the pivotal...

language teacher assessment, like many aspects of second language teacher education, is changing. to understand factors that are driving the change, such as work of teaching generally, language teaching in particular, and the role of teachers’ knowledge in teaching, this study examined language teacher assessment schemes across the globe. the aim was to arrive at a set of shared beliefs, attitu...