Moral distress has been explored within a number of nursing contexts, including critical care, neuroscience, and end-of-life decision making. Although the antecedents and consequences of this concept continue to be uncovered, its unique attributes remain ambiguous. This analysis aims to clarify the concept of moral distress, contribute new insights about moral distress to nursing as a whole and...

In this study, the performance of the algorithms of whale, Differential evolutionary, crow search, and Gray Wolf optimization were evaluated to operate the Golestan Dam reservoir with the objective function of meeting downstream water needs. Also, after defining the objective function and its constraints, the convergence degree of the algorithms was compared with each other and with the absolut...