PURPOSE Intravenous (IV) saline has been used by athletes attempting to accelerate rehydration procedures. The diuresis from IV rehydration may be circumvented through the concomitant use of oral glycerol. We aimed to examine the effects of rehydrating with four different regimens of IV fluid and oral glycerol on subsequent 40-km cycling time trial performance. METHODS Nine endurance-trained ...

Brain cytokines, induced by various inflammatory challenges, have been linked to sickness behaviors, including fatigue. However, the relationship between brain cytokines and fatigue after exercise is not well understood. Delayed recovery of running performance after muscle-damaging downhill running is associated with increased brain IL-1beta concentration compared with uphill running. However, ...

A modified alkalizing supplementation (MAS) was tested on skeletal muscle metabolism in aged rats undergoing exhaustive exercise. Aged Wistar rats were allocated into two groups: saline (A) and saline added with 16 mg of MAS (B) before treadmill exercise. Blood and gastrocnemius and soleus muscle were analyzed after exercise for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), acetylcarnitine (ALCAR), and glycog...

objective(s): the effect of prolonged overtraining on cytokine kinetics was compared with moderate exercise in the present study.   materials and methods: male wistar rats were randomly divided into control sedentary (c), moderate trained (mt), (v=20 m/min, 30 min/day for 6 days a week, 8 weeks), overtrained (ot) (v=25 m/min, 60min/day for 6 days a week, 11 weeks) and recovered overtrained (or)...

background: kisspeptin-gpr54 system stimulates the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (hpg) axis; dysfunction of the gene encoding the gpr54 receptor causes hypogonadism and infertility. opioid peptides inhibit the reproductive axis. peptide 234 is a gpr54 receptor antagonist and blocks the stimulatory effects of kisspeptin on hpg axis. objectives: interactions of morphine, kisspeptin and peptide 2...