this research was an attempt to study reasons for creation of some of the important and sacred numbers and their reflection in architectural and urban spaces. this subject matter is important because significant and sacred numbers were used in design and construction of a number of historical spaces. the research objective was to discover some of the reasons for formation of important and sacre...

the most beautiful names of god (asmā’ al-ḥusnā) are among the most frequently used concepts in the holy qur’ān and the study of the application of these names has a great role in understanding and interpretation of the qur’ān. since the concepts employed in the qur’ān have been mostly studied with the traditional narrative, legal, or theological approaches and since the lexical and literal app...

growing usage of animals in the research projects has drawn more attention to their welfare and ethics surrounding this practice. dissemination of information about the existing ethical consideration and alternatives in animal experiments has two important functions; first, it increases the researcher's awareness of the possible methods of using animals in the experiment, and second, to ensure ...

Through their influence on the cross-sectional distribution of productivity across firms and workers, job creation and destruction likely have an impact on the rate at which aggregate productivity changes over time. However, the nature of this effect is not, a priori, clear. While a broad consensus has emerged suggesting that job destruction enhances productivity by eliminating inefficient prod...