In this study, the effect of vermicompost and mycorrhizal fungi was investigated on growth, yield, chlorophyll pigments, leaf antioxidant enzymes, and seed silibinin content of Silybum marianum, milk thistle. The seeds were inoculated by two species of mycorrhiza fungi, Glomus mosseae and G. intraradices, and plants were irrigated and treated with 0, 25, 50, and 75% vermicompost after culturing...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have mutualistic relationships with more than 80% of terrestrial plant species. This symbiotic relationship is ancient and would have had important roles in establishment of plants on land. Despite their abundance and wide range of relationship with plant species, AMF have shown low species diversity. However, molecular studies have suggested that diversity of...

A comparison of published estimates of mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte (DSE) colonisation from various ecosystems suggests that DSE may be as abundant as mycorrhizal fungi as judged by the proportion of host plants colonised in mixed plant communities, or by the extent of colonisation in sampled root systems. While many strides have been made in understanding the ecological significance ...

1. Plants interact with many organisms, such as microbes and herbivores, and these interactions are likely to affect the establishment and spread of plants. In the context of plant invasions, mycorrhizal fungi and constitutive and induced resistance of plants against herbivores have received attention independently of each other. However, plants are frequently involved in complex multi-trophic ...

Considered to play an important role in plant mineral nutrition, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a common relationship between the roots of a great majority of plant species and glomeromycotan fungi. Its effects on the plant host are highly context dependent, with the greatest benefits often observed in phosphorus (P)-limited environments. Mycorrhizal contribution to plant nitrogen (N)...

Andropogon gerardii seed obtained from Kansas and Illinois was grown in a controlled environment in their own and each other's soils, with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Each ecotype grew comparatively better in its own soil indicating adaptation to its soil of origin. Overall, A. gerardii benefited more from AMF in low-nutrient Kansas soil than Illinois soil. The two ecotypes,...

the most important limiting factor for mass production of mycorrhizal fungi inoculums and subsequently their use in arable soil is obligate nature of this symbiosis. to overcome this problem, several methods such as hydroponic ,aeroponic, and root organ culture have been proposed for spore production of these fungi. each of these methods has several capabilities and limiting factors.  the goal ...