Rating one’s own personality traits is a common self-referential information processing task. The current paper examined the mechanism underlying this sort of trait-rating task by using a PC cursor tracing technique (Shiina, 2011a, b). The target phenomenon of interest was the inverted-U effect observed in trait ratings. The PC cursor tracing technique analyzed response times, tangential veloci...

Numerous studies agree that income inequality, rather than absolute income, is an important predictor of happiness. However, its specific role has been controversial. We argue that income inequality and happiness should exhibit an inverted U-shaped relationship due to the dynamic competing process between two effects: when income inequality is relatively low, the signal effect will be the domin...

Direction repulsion describes the phenomenon in which observers typically overestimate the direction difference between two superimposed motions moving in different directions (Marshak & Sekuler, Science 205 (1979) 1399). Previous research has found that, when a relatively narrow range of distractor speeds is considered, direction repulsion of a target motion increases monotonically with increa...

It is well known that even under identical task conditions, there is a tremendous amount of trial-to-trial variability in both brain activity and behavioral output. Thus far the vast majority of event-related potential (ERP) studies investigating the relationship between trial-to-trial fluctuations in brain activity and behavioral performance have only tested a monotonic relationship between th...

There are conflicting reports as to whether the shape of the psychometric relation between perceived roughness and tactile element spacing [spatial period (SP)] follows an inverted U-shape or a monotonic linear increase. This is a critical issue because the former result has been used to assess neuronal codes for roughness. We tested the hypothesis that the relation's shape is critically depend...

Since many companies choose to publish digital video advertisements with creative features on the Internet promote new products. This study aims examine impact of number strategies (NCS) in adverting messages consumer review valence and explore whether this varies by product type (incrementally products vs. really products). Based method content analysis empirical 564 published six world-renown...