Bismuth occurs in a wide range of mineral deposit types and is usually regarded as deleterious by-product. Its classification critical raw material by the European Commission 2017 USA 2018 has, however, reawakened interest Bi production its security supply. Demand for increasing, mostly substitute Pb use chemicals. mainly chalcophile behaviour, although it has some lithophile characteristics. T...

Big data has gained significant influence in recent years and is rapidly transforming the business, operations and technology landscape for a myriad of industries. Early adopters — particularly in retail and consumer products — have already derived significant business insights from big data management best practices, such as analysis of both the growing pools of structured transactional data f...

The sum total of funds poured into drug research by profit-seeking commercial entities now overshadows the total of government grants for biological research. An increasing fraction of that sum is earmarked for bioinformatics and genomics. While few if any investment decisions of this kind are based on a precise mathematical analysis, an attempt to quantify the economic value of bioinformation ...

This paper proposes per unit coding for combined economic emission load dispatch problem. In the proposed coding, it is possible to apply the percent effects of elements in any number and with high accuracy in objective function. In the proposed per unit coding, each function is transformed into per unit form based on its own maximum value and has a value from 0 to 1. In this paper, particle sw...

Ait-Sahalia and Lo (2000) and Panigirtzoglou and Skiadopoulos (2004) have argued that Economic VaR (E-VaR), calculated under the option market implied risk neutral density is a more relevant measure of risk than historically based VaR. As industry practice requires VaR at high confidence level of 99%, we propose Extreme Economic Value at Risk (EE-VaR) as a new risk measure, based on the General...

in this study, to determine the economic value of irrigation water and simulate the response of farmers to reducing  available water policy of positive mathematical programming models (pmp) was used. by the proposed model, the economic value (shadow price) of irrigation water estimated in each of the areas of western rodbar alamuot, rajai dasht and eastern rodbar almuot. then, the reactions of ...

the aim of this paper is to present a numerical method for singularly perturbed convection-diffusion problems with a delay. the method is a combination of the asymptotic expansion technique and the reproducing kernel method (rkm). first an asymptotic expansion for the solution of the given singularly perturbed delayed boundary value problem is constructed. then the reduced regular delayed diffe...