The price elasticity of gasoline demand is a key parameter in evaluation various policies. However, most the literature uses aggregate data to identify this elasticity. Temporal and spatial aggregation make such estimates biased. We employ unique dataset all transactions Iran during 4-month period around an unexpected exogenous change that also significant withholding behavior by consumers resp...

In migratory birds, traits such as orientation and distance are known to have a strong genetic background, and they often exhibit considerable within-population variation. How this variation relates to evolutionary responses to ongoing selection is unknown because the underlying mechanisms that translate environmental changes into population genetic changes are unclear. We show that within-popu...

In general, joints are assumed without clearance in the dynamic analysis of multi-body echanical systems. When joint clearance is considered, the mechanism obtains two uncontrollable degrees of freedom and hence the dynamic response considerably changes. The joints’ clearances are the main sources of vibrations and noise due to the impact of the coupling parts in the joints. Therefore, the syst...

The auditory brainstem response (ABR) to clicks is widely used for early detection of hearing loss in the child at risk for hearing dysfunction, but there is a lack of direct, large-sample estimates of test accuracy. In this report, results and preliminary analyses are presented that relate click ABR thresholds obtained at 3 to 12 months corrected age to detailed follow-up behavioral puretone a...

Helping patients change behavior is an important role for family physicians. Change interventions are especially useful in addressing lifestyle modification for disease prevention, long-term disease management and addictions. The concepts of "patient noncompliance" and motivation often focus on patient failure. Understanding patient readiness to make change, appreciating barriers to change and ...

backgroundbody image is a determinant of individual attractiveness and physical activity among the young people. this study was aimed to assess the association of trans-theoretical model based exercise behavior change with body image evaluation among the female iranian students.materials and methodsthis cross-sectional study was conducted in sanandaj city, iran in 2016. using multistage samplin...