Kolmogorov complexity has proven to be a very useful tool in simplifying and improving proofs that use complicated combinatorial arguments. In this paper we use Kolmogorov complexity for oracle construction. We obtain separation results that are much stronger than separations obtained previously even with the use of very complicated combinatorial arguments. Moreover the use of Kolmogorov argume...

Dear Editor-in-Chief The recent report on “The Adverse Effects of Pregnancies Complicated by Hemoglobin H (HBH) Disease” is very interesting (1). Rabiee et al. reported a pregnant case complicated with HBH disease. Indeed, this problem might not common in the Middle East but it is very common in Southeast Asia. The authors hereby would like to share the experience on this top...

Cellular automata are simple mathematical systems that exhibit very complicated behaviour. They can be considered as discrete dynamical systems or as computational systems. Progress has recently been made in studying several aspects of them. Twenty central problems that remain unsolved are discussed. Many of the complicated systems in nature have been found to have quite simple components. Thei...

humans are equipped with some universal or language-specific abilities to recognize emotions. however, because of the different emotional contents in diverse languages and the relevant cultural differences, humans with different cultural backgrounds own different metapragmatical abilities to recognize and express emotions. a hypothesis concerning emotional effects about intonation and particle ...

One of the central issues in software and system engineering over the last couple of decades has been to develop languages, methods and tools for the reliable construction reactive systems. The term, coined in 1985, denotes systems whose complexity stems not necessarily from complicated computation but from complicated reactivity over time. Such systems are most often highly concurrent and time...

Background and Objectives: Death of a child can be the source of many problems for mothers. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of the spiritual-religious intervention on complicated grief disorder and the psychological hardiness of mothers suffering from this disorder. Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design with a ...