BACKGROUND Tobacco consumption has been identified as the single biggest cause of inequality in morbidity and mortality. Understanding pattern of socioeconomic equalities in tobacco consumption in India will help in designing targeted public health control measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nationally representative data from the India Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in 2009-2010 wa...

conclusions these results showed the preventive effect of hydroethanolic extract of n. sativa on tracheal responsiveness of guinea pig model of copd, which was as effective as vitamin c. results the tracheal responsiveness to both methacholine and ovalbumin in guinea pigs with copd were significantly higher than those of controls (p < 0.001 for both cases). the tracheal responsiveness in the co...

OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence and correlates of use of conventional and novel smokeless tobacco products among a national sample of US middle and high school students. METHODS Data from the 2011 National Youth Tobacco Survey were analyzed to determine national estimates of current use of conventional ("chewing tobacco", "snuff," or "dip"), novel ("snus" and "dissolvable tobacco products...

CONTEXT In India, 14% of the population use smoked tobacco products. Increasing prices of these products is one of the measures to curb their consumption. AIMS This study analyzes "unit price" and "daily consumption" of cigarettes and bidis and investigates their relation with each other. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four states of India (Bihar, West Bengal,...

TAXING TOBACCO HAS BEEN A LONG-STANDING CONtributor to government revenues. Tobacco excise taxes were first proposed by Alexander Hamilton in 1794 but not effectively implemented until the 1860s. By 1880, tax on tobacco accounted for 31% of total federal tax receipts. In addition to revenue generation, tobacco taxation has proved an effective policy measure to reduce tobacco consumption in many...

BACKGROUND The California Department of Public Health (CDPH), California Tobacco Control Program (CTCP) is one of the longest-running comprehensive tobacco control programmes in the USA, resulting from a 1988 ballot initiative that added a 25-cent tax on each pack of cigarettes and a proportional tax increase on other tobacco products. This programme used a social norm change approach to reduce...

Raising the price of tobacco products has been shown to reduce tobacco consumption in the United States and other high-income countries, and evidence of this impact has been growing for low- and middle-income countries as well. Turkey is a middle-income country surveyed by the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) twice in a 4-year period, in 2008 and 2012. During this time, the country introduced...

Cukai hasil tembakau memberikan sumbangsih yang signifikan dalam APBN setiap tahunnya. Kenaikan tarif cukai tiap tahun dan pemanfaatan dana bagi sesuai dengan tujuan diamanatkan oleh Undang-Undang mengatur tentang serta RPJMN 2020-2024 yaitu untuk menekan konsumsi rokok di Indonesia sekaligus mengoptimalkan penerimaan negara. Hal ini dikarenakan banyaknya eksternalitas negatif dihasilkan. Upaya...

Smokeless tobacco consumption, which is widespread throughout the world, leads to oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), which is a long-lasting and devastating condition of the oral cavity with the potential for malignancy. In this review, we mainly focus on the consumption of smokeless tobacco, such as paan and gutkha, and the role of these substances in the induction of OSMF and ultimately oral can...