Background: Socioeconomic deprivation may be an important determinant of dementia risk, mortality, and access to diagnostic services. Premature mortality from other causes under-representation deprived individuals in research lead this effect being overlooked. Objective: We assessed the relationship between using comprehensive death certificate data for England Wales 2001 2017. Methods: used st...

In Table 1 below, we explore the distribution of health spending for a given population. Here we array the population in deciles, from deciles of individuals with the lowest health spending per capita to deciles of individuals with the highest per-capita health spending. These deciles are shown on the leftmost column of Table 1. Individuals in the 9 and 10 deciles represent the presumably sicke...

Abstrad Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia were once rare. However, for unknown reasons, their incidence has been increasing rapidly over the past 15 years in the United States and parts of Western Europe. In contrast, the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas has remained relatively constant. To investigate possible reasons for these diverging incidence rates we ana...

Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia were once rare. However, for unknown reasons, their incidence has been increasing rapidly over the past 15 years in the United States and parts of Western Europe. In contrast, the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas has remained relatively constant. To investigate possible reasons for these diverging incidence rates we analyzed da...

this research aims at studying challenges, difficulties and prospects of irans income distribution sector during 2005-2015 by means of an econometric model. the first part of the paper reviews some theories and empirical accomplishments regarding income distribution in national and international levels. the next part of the paper goes through the trends of income distribution and social welfare...

BACKGROUND There is universal agreement that higher mortality goes with lower income. Opinions differ on causality: the association may reflect the damaging effect of poverty on health and survival chances. Conversely, it may reflect selection/reverse causation: low income indicates health problems, and from health problems follow a higher risk of dying. METHODS We studied all deaths in Norwa...

Labor unions are an important economic and political force in South Africa. Inequality in wage rates is among the largest in the world in South Africa, with African and white workers receiving wages that differ by a factor of five. The complex role of unions in closing and creating this wage gap is assessed in this paper. Union membership among Africa male workers is shown to be associated in 1...