The plasma density profile plays a key role in the generation of 13.5 nm light for an extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) source from laser-produced (LP) Sn-based plasmas due to the importance of opacity. We propose to characterize and optimize the plasma density profile to enhance conversion efficiency and mitigate debris using a double laser pulses technique. The basic idea is to separate ...

We study the cusp/core problem using a secondary infall model (SIM) that takes into account the effect of ordered and random angular momentum, dynamical friction and baryons adiabatic contraction. The model is applied to structures on galactic scales (normal and dwarfs spiral galaxies) and on clusters of galaxies scales. Our analysis suggest that angular momentum and dynamical friction are able...

In the present study, we examined the antioxidative activities of Satureja khuzestanica essential oil (SKE) and possible protective effect of SKE on lipid profile, atherogenic index and liver enzyme markers in Alloxan-induced Type 1 diabetic rats. Thirty male rats were randomly divided into three groups; group one as control, group two diabetic untreatment, and group three treatments with SKE b...

introduction considering the high prevalence of vitamin d deficiency in our country and the importance of blood lipid profile as a protective factor, aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin d supplementation on lipid profile in children 10 to 14 years.materials and methods in this controlled clinical trial study, 40 children who were studying on 2014 in birjand elementary sch...

We numerically calculate the density profile and excitation spectrum of a two-species Bose-Einstein condensate for the parameters of recent experiments. We find that the ground state density profile of this system becomes unstable in certain parameter regimes, which leads to a phase transition to a new stable state. This state displays spontaneously broken cylindrical symmetry. This behavior is...

High density (ne ≥ 4× 1018m−3) helium plasma is produced in a linear device for the development of a neutral helium-beam attenuating target. Radially peaked density profile accompanied by one order of density jump is observed for radio frequency input power higher than the threshold power. The threshold power varies with the external magnetic field. The results suggest that the density jump is ...

This paper presents the application of Neural Networks for the spatial and temporal modeling of (critical frequency) foF2 data over Europe. foF2 is the most important parameter in describing the electron density profile of the ionosphere since it represents the critical point of maximum electron density in the profile and therefore can be used to drive empirical models of electron density which...

Generation of wake fields by a short electromagnetic pulse in a plasma with an inhomogeneous background magnetic field and density profile is considered, and a wave equation is derived. Transmission and reflection coefficients are calculated in a medium with sharp discontinuities. Particular attention is focused on examples where the longitudinal part of the electromagnetic field is amplified f...

Simulated dark matter profiles are often modelled as a ‘NFW’ density profile rather than a single power law. Recently, attention has turned to the rather rigorous power-law behaviour exhibited by the ‘pseudo phase-space density’ of the dark matter halo, which is defined dimensionally in terms of the local density and velocity dispersion of the dark matter particles. The non-power-law behaviour ...