Innovation is the direct intended product of certain styles in research, but not of others. Fundamental conflicts between descriptive vs inferential statistics, deductive vs inductive hypothesis testing, and exploratory vs pre-planned confirmatory research designs have been played out over decades, with winners and losers and consequences. Longstanding warnings from both academics and research-...

a valid questionnaire is a precursor to a sound measurement process. this study examined the psychometric properties of the persian version of the revised competitive state anxiety inventory – 2 (csai-2r). a total of 131 female taekwondo athletes (mean age =12.37 ± 2.52) from damghan completed csai-2r at competition venues. confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the structure of csai-...

the purpose of this study is to analyze and explain the relationship between social capital and organizational virtuousness in rasht municipality. studying the relationship between social capital and organizational virtuousness and describing its variables are among the theoretical foundations of this research. the main assumption in this study is: ‘is there a significant and positive relations...

Forgiveness is an issue that recently has received increasing attention in the psychological literature, yet little empirical research has been conducted on this topic. This article presents initial support and validation of an inventory based upon Gordon and Baucom’s (1998) three-stage synthesized model of forgiveness in marital relationships. This model places forgiveness in the framework of ...

Valid, prior-free, and situation-specific probabilistic inference is desirable for serious uncertain inference, especially in bio-medical statistics. This chapter∗ introduces such an inferential system, called the Inferential Model (IM) framework, proposed recently. IMs do not require a prior to be specified, yet they produce probabilistic inferential results that have desireable frequency prop...

background the 12-item general health (ghq-12) questionnaire is one of the most commonly used instruments in screening studies on mental health. objectives the current study aimed to examine the factor structure of the ghq-12 questionnaire among the students in iran. materials and methods it was a cross-sectional study in which 428 university students were recruited and completed the ghq-12. re...