introduction: one of the basic problems of hospital management is lack of an effective fiscal system, which causes in loose cost control. meanwhile, accounting techniques and economic analyses may help the managers to decide better in planning programs and investing fields. then, it’s time to have a better estimate of health care services costs in our competitive situation for the hospitals, in...

This paper proposes an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) algorithm by Direct Load Control (DLC) programs to optimize the operational cost of smart grids considering various scenarios based on different constraints. The cost function includes active power production cost of available power sources and a novel flexible load curtailment cost associated with DLC programs. The load curtailment cost is based ...

the existing works considering the flow-based discount factor in the hub and spoke problems, assume that increasing the amount of flow passing through each edge of network continuously decreases the unit flow transportation cost. although a higher volume of flow allows for using wider links and consequently cheaper transportation, but the unit of flow enjoys more discounts, quite like replacing...

in children. although its burden is considerably preventable by vaccine, routine vaccination against hib has not been defined in the national immunization program of iran. this study was performed to assess the cost-benefit and cost‑utility of running an hib vaccination program in iran. methods: based on a previous systematic review and meta‑analysis for vaccine efficacy, we estimated the avert...

the current study examines the impact of trade openness and business environment on foreign direct investment among 23 countries in southwest asia over the period 2004 to 2012. the research approach is econometric and the generalized regression of panel data was used to test the effect of the variables of interest. the results show that trade openness directly (coefficient of 0.002, p-value = 0...

Background: Cigarette seems to be the least valuable of addictive drugs. It is easily accessible to the public, and its harmful personal and social effects have attracted less attention. Therefore, the present research was carried out with the aim of presenting cost estimations of smoking-related diseases in smokers who aged 35 or higher in Kerman City, Iran, in 2014.Methods: Using the prevalen...

background: major thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disease with complications, mortality and serious pathology. today, the life expectancy of patients with major thalassemia has increased along with therapeutic advances. therefore, they need lifelong care, and caring for them would incur many costs. being aware of the patients’ costs can be effective for controlling and managing the costs ...