Many woody eudicot plants form a secondary xylem composed of gelatinous fibers (G-fibers) called "tension wood" (TW) along the upper side tilted stem or branch. TW generates large tensile growth stress in longitudinal direction, allowing branch to develop negative-gravitropism response strong gravitational stimulus. This is because G-fiber tends contract direction as it matures. The matured als...

Genome Sequence Scanning (GSS) is a bacterial identification technology that detects sparse sequence-specific fluorescent tags on long DNA molecules linearized in a continuous-flow microfunnel. The efficiency and sensitivity of GSS depends on the detection throughput of well-stretched molecules. Previous studies have investigated the fundamental roles of elongational and shear flow on DNA stret...

effects of venom from black scorpion androctonus crasicuda (ac) were determined on isolated chick biventer cervices nerve-muscle and mouse hemidiaphragm preparations using twitch tension method. the isolated nerves were stimulated by electrical stimulator and response to each stimulus was recorded. the venom mainly acted prejunctionally to facilitate neuromuscular activity due to an increase in...