Drawing learners' attention to phonetic form during meaning-oriented activities (i.e., communicative focus on form) has been found be an optimal method of L2 speech training. In the context 55 Chinese speakers’ English [ɪ] and [i] acquisition (e.g., “sit” vs. “seat”), current study set out examine extent which outcomes such instructed learning are tied individual differences in domain-general a...

This paper discusses the effectiveness of using two task-types, dictogloss and opinion-gap tasks, in focus-on-form lessons to elicit language-related episodes (LREs) and produce modified output. The participants were 40 Form 6 students in a Malaysian secondary school in two intact classes. One group was taught using opinion-gap tasks and the other using dictogloss tasks. Results show that almos...

the normal and lateral line cycloid scales of the native species garra rossica (nikol’skii, 1900), one of the most common and poorly known cyprinid fish in south-eastern iran have been subjected to the scanning electron microscopy technique in order to study their detailed structure. normal scale below the dorsal fin showed a clearcut demonstration between the anterior and posterior region with...

This study was an attempt to investigate the effects of two forms instruction, namely, FonF and Fonfs on developing listening reading abilities skills Iraqi intermediate EFL learners. The research is by nature a dimensional which covers both macro teaching professionalism micro learning development. Before starting treatment, in order test homogeneousness students, PET piloted among 80 students...