As you are aware, the year 2008 has started off with the continuation of some of the challenges that resulted in significant disturbances in world financial markets: the impact of the sub prime market turmoil which originated in the US is still spreading across Europe and other financial markets; the Northern Rock crisis in the U.K. has raised serious regulatory issues; and the large frauds in ...

industrialized countries. “Development”, the process of evolution toward a modern society, occupied center stage. Scholars and development experts assigned mass communications a central role in the development process. In the Cold War era the newly independent countries of the third world were of strategic importance to both East and West. Development aid was an important factor for “winning th...

governance in health is cited as one of the key factors in balancing the concerns of the government and public sector with the interests of civil society/private players, but often remains poorly described and operationalized. richard saltman and antonio duran look at two aspects in the search for new provider models in a context of health markets signalling liberalisation: (i) the role of the ...

Once the responsibilities of central bank increases, developing good governance for achieving its different aims to satisfy the required statutory power becomes more complicated. In the case of the central bank of Islamic republic of Iran - as monetary policymaker and supervisor-this issue is valid as well. Considering the necessity of independency, accountability, and transparency for developi...

the stability of learning rate in neural network identifiers and controllers is one of the challenging issues which attracts great interest from researchers of neural networks. this paper suggests adaptive gradient descent algorithm with stable learning laws for modified dynamic neural network (mdnn) and studies the stability of this algorithm. also, stable learning algorithm for parameters of ...

Article history: Received 27 April 2011 Received in revised form 30 November 2011 Accepted 30 November 2011 Available online 8 December 2011 Better corporate governance can reduce the scope for increasing shareholder value and thus discourage M&A FDI inflows. Sound governance may also discourage non-M&A FDI inflows in light of the complementary relationship between M&A and non-M&A FDI. We use f...