with the increasing population and the need for more food, as well as with the development of science and technology, human approach to unnatural and often chemical inputs to increase agricultural production has been a great expansion and problems such as increased cancers, chronic diseases has created environmental pollution. implementation of organic organic is a solution to these problems . ...

To evaluate the effects of chemical and hand fruit thinning on pistachio flower bud retention, experiments were conducted during 1382 and 1383. In the first year, ethephon treatments at the concentrations of 100 and 200 mg L-1, urea at 2.5% and 5%, naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 125 and 250 mg L-1 and naphthaleneacetamide (NAD) 250 and 500 mg L-1 were sprayed on two branches of nine uniform trees...

To evaluate the effects of chemical and hand fruit thinning on pistachio flower bud retention, experiments were conducted during 1382 and 1383. In the first year, ethephon treatments at the concentrations of 100 and 200 mg L-1, urea at 2.5% and 5%, naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 125 and 250 mg L-1 and naphthaleneacetamide (NAD) 250 and 500 mg L-1 were sprayed on two branches of nine uniform trees...

abstract the first purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of consciousness-raising (c-r) activities on learning grammatical structures (simple present tense in this case) by iranian guidance school efl learners. the second one was to investigate the effect of gender on learning the simple present tense through c-r activities and tasks. finally, this study aimed to investigate the ...

a large number of single research studies on the effects of strategy-based instruction (sbi) in teaching english as a foreign or second language has been conducted so far. however, the lack of a comprehensive meta-analysis targeting the effectiveness of english language sbi is observed. moreover, the findings of experimental studies regarding the context of the english language, proficiency lev...

within communicative, interactive, and learner-centered framework of language teaching and learning, students need to learn four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing for their educational success. but of all the language skills, reading enjoys a paramount significance in so many second or foreign language academic contexts. in spite of its importance, language learners still have...

plagiarism in esl/efl learning contexts has been established as a dynamic and multi-layered phenomenon and has become a topic engaging many researchers in a heated debate in recent years. comparisons of student-generated texts with their source texts have shown that students rely on source texts in their writings and copying is a major strategy used by both l1 and l2 writers. in our country a...