the water and wastewater considered as one of capital intensive industrials in iran because it has 436 thousand milliard rial in fixed asset, 32.8 million rial in monopolistic market and the share of 0.05 % in gdp. the statistics showed that there is approximately 22 % of facilities and equipment in industrial production process as uncompleted projects. the need for macro investment, the limite...

INTRODUCTION Oil spill in fresh water can affect ecological processes and accordingly it can influence human health. Iran, due to having 58.8 % of the world oil reserves, is highly vulnerable to water contamination by oil products. AIM The aim of this study was to determine environmental factors affecting the management of the oil spill into one of the river in Iran using the PESTLE analysis....

Indicators of the impact on freshwater resources are becoming increasingly important in the evaluation of urban water systems. To reveal the importance of spatial resolution, we investigated how the choice of catchment scale influenced the freshwater impact assessment. Two different indicators were used in this study: the Withdrawal-To-Availability ratio (WTA) and the Water Stress Index (WSI). ...

Increasing diffuse nitrate loading of surface waters and groundwater has emerged as a major problem in many agricultural areas of the world, resulting in contamination of drinking water resources in aquifers as well as eutrophication of freshwaters and coastal marine ecosystems. Although empirical correlations between application rates of N fertilizers to agricultural soils and nitrate contamin...

Shortage of water resources and increasing demand to consumption of this scarce resource, leads to somenoticeable limitations. On the other hand, population growth and consequently, increasing demand for water in aridand semi arid regions , needs production in exchange of little amount of water consumption. To approach thisobjective, an experiment in the complete randomized blocks carried out i...

Abstract Land salinization is a major obstacle to the sustainable development of agriculture in arid regions. The demand for food, fiber, fuel and fresh water has increased in the recent decades, particularly in developing nations, due to alarming rise in population. As fresh water resources and productive lands for crop production are limited, new strategies for the sustainable utilization of ...