This paper investigates linguistic performance, from the viewpoint that the information processing in cognitive systems should be designed in terms of constraints rather than procedures in order to deal with partiality of information. In this perspective, the same grammar, the same belief and the same processing architecture should underly both sentence comprehension and production. A basic mod...

shahanshāhnāma is one of the historical epic poems composed by ahmad tabrizi at the end of the ilkhanids’ reign. at the time, the poet was not able to openly criticize the mongols. at times, one may even think that he is praising them. on the contrary, in the hidden layers of his composition, the poet tries to show his criticism by using rhetorical and linguistic tools and praising iran and ira...

the curriculum development for arabic language skills needs to needs analysis (na) and situation analysis (sa). na examines the linguistic needs and sa examines non-linguistic factors such as societal factors, project factor, institutional factors, teacher factors, learner factors. this work examines the teachers and learners' perceptions as part of the teacher factors and learner factors,...

In order to process the linguistic-valued information with uncertainty in the financial decisionmaking, the present work uses a lattice-valued logical algebra lattice implication algebra to deal with both comparable and incomparable linguistic truth-values. A new personal financial decision auxiliary modeling framework based on the lattice-ordered linguistic truth-valued logic is proposed. The ...

We describe our experience in developing a discourse-annotated corpus for community-wide use. Working in the framework of Rhetorical Structure Theory, we were able to create a large annotated resource with very high consistency, using a well-defined methodology and protocol. This resource is made publicly available through the Linguistic Data Consortium to enable researchers to develop empirica...

This section considers the actual performance in poverty reduction of selected LDCs for which information is available in order to get an idea of which circumstances promote success and which do not. The analysis has to be carried out in a situation of extreme data constraint, especially for the SSA which has the largest concentration of LDCs. In view of the very different nature and extent of ...

Lexical representation so far has not been extensively investigated in regard to language acquisition. Existing computational linguistic systems assume that text analysis and generation take place in conditions of complete lexical knowledge. That is, no unknown elements are encountered in processing text. It turns out however, that productive as well as non-productive word combinations require ...

  Drawing on recent developments in linguistic description and applied linguistics, it can be concluded that learning a language necessitates getting to know something and being able to do something with that knowledge: competence, and performance. Structural approach to language description attaches importance to the former; communicative approach to the latter. Appropriate classroom discours...

Come with us to read a new book that is coming recently. Yeah, this is a new coming book that many people really want to read will you be one of them? Of course, you should be. It will not make you feel so hard to enjoy your life. Even some people think that reading is a hard to do, you must be sure that you can do it. Hard will be felt when you have no ideas about what kind of book to read. Or...

Interpretation of outputs of fuzzy systems often involves the use of linguistic approximation that assigns a linguistic label to a fuzzy set based on the predefined primary terms, linguistic modifiers and linguistic connectives. More formally linguistic approximation can be considered in the terms of retranslation rules that correspond to the translation rules in explicitation in computing with...