BACKGROUND Sodium intake is high in US children. Data are limited on the dietary sources of sodium, especially from birth to age 24 mo. OBJECTIVE We identified top sources of dietary sodium in US children from birth to age 24 mo. DESIGN Data from the NHANES 2003-2010 were used to examine food sources of sodium (population proportions and mean intakes) in 778 participants aged 0-5.9 mo, 914 ...

Background & Aims: Exposure to cigarette smoke affects the health of mothers and infants. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of second-hand smoke exposure on breast milk and infant urinary cotinine during breastfeeding. Methods: This cohort study was conducted on 45 breastfeeding mothers and infants exposed to second-hand cigarette smoke (exposed group), and 40 breastfeeding mothe...

Abstract This research aims to analyze the effect of different lactation periods and milking time on milk production quality in Sapera goats (Saanen Peranakan Etawa). The was carried out from September 2021 January 2022. materials used were 8 II period III by collecting samples morning afternoon. Milk analysis using Lactoscan SAP (Nova Zagora, Bulgaria). following parameters observed production...

BACKGROUND Milk is highly prone to contamination and can serve as an efficient vehicle for human transmission of foodborne pathogens, especially gram-negative bacteria, as these are widely distributed in the environment. METHODS This cross-sectional study of gram-negative staining bacterial contamination of milk meant for human consumption was carried out from October 2010 to May 2011 in Gond...

Eight Holstein cows were used to determine the relationship among milk urea nitrogen (MUN), plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), and feeding time. We first established that MUN concentrations were similar in concentration among quarters by comparing milk samples from each quarter just before milking. In order to determine if collecting a sample of milk from a quarter influenced the MUN in samples taken ...

Background and purpose: Surveillance is a system of continuing health checks, is considered as a critical part of public health practice for planning and implantation of effective prevention and control interventions for communicable diseases in the region. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an active method of data collection on the improvement of these d...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa microsoftinternetexplorer4 introduction: the aim of our study was to determine the content of fat and fatty acid composition of breast milk and the association with the mother’s diet. materials and methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant mothers who came to health care centers for last prenatal care in isfahan, iran. eight t...