in public ceremonies, some of the deepest collective memories of the city are being shaped. in safavid era, feasts and funerals; which were either celebration of iranian old traditions or shiite rituals, provided some of the most memorable scenes in public life of the city. this has been mentioned frequently in itineraries and travelogues - both iranians and foreigners. these ceremonies gradual...

MEMORANDOM It becomes necessary for every individual in his life to pause and look behind a man who had a positive impact on the lives of many patients, medical students and residents that may be the only thing a person can be proud of with high degree of confidence. We wish to write about him who had an immeasurable and indisputable contribution to the development of the field of plastic and r...

endowment and its related issues have an age-old history in the history of mashhad and have continued in various forms in different historical periods. the apex of endowment development in mashhad has been in the safavid period, which has been a unique trend in iran’s history. endowment in mashhad has continued in the pahlavi period and of course it has been the continuation of a historical tra...