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The global increase in antibiotic use has led to contamination of freshwater environments. Despite the identified impacts antibiotics on humans and wildlife, effect host–parasite life cycles is relatively unexplored. In current study, we utilize trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni, its snail intermediate host, Biomphalaria glabrata, investigate influence an ecologically relevant concentratio...

asymptomatic malaria (asm) has been implicated in the development of hemolytic crisis in infected sickle cell anemia (sca) patients worldwide. this study surveyed steady state sca nigerian patients for asm to investigate the influence of malaria prevention behaviors and age on parasitaemia and multiplicity of infection (moi). a total of 78 steady sca patients aged 5 – 27 years on routine care a...

a total of 128 spiny eels mastacembelus mastacembelus (mastacembelidae) were collected from thegreater zab river at iski kalak town, west of erbil city, kurdistan region, iraq, from july 2007 to the end ofjune 2008. the fish were examined for ecto and endo parasites. the study revealed the existence of 16species of parasites (with a total prevalence of 89.06%) including: two species of protozoa...

Insects and parasites dominate the biosphere, in terms of known biodiversity mode life, respectively. Consequently, insects play a part many host-parasite systems, either as parasite, host, or both. Moreover, lot these systems involve adaptive parasite-induced changes host phenotype (typically behavior morphology), which is commonly manipulation. While manipulation have been described within la...

background: aspartate transaminase (ast) is an important enzyme in parasite and liver tissue. the purpose of this investigation is to evaluate triclabendazole (tcbz) effect on ast activity of fasciola gigantica parasite. to compare of enzyme level of parasite and its host tissue, enzyme activity of f. gigantica parasite and liver tissues were also determined. method: the livers were collected f...

Climate change is predicted to cause shifts in parasite distributions, leading encounters with new hosts. Mountains offer a natural experimental background study how distributions vary across climatic gradients. Parasite abundance generally assumed decrease ascending elevation, as colder climates may preclude several parasites complete their life cycles. The present analyses the elevational var...