BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world today, with a high mortality rate. CDX2 is a Drosophila caudal-related homeobox transcription factor that plays an important role in GC. Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) is an important tumor suppressor which is widely expressed in normal human tissues. The aim of the study wa...

Although the liver has been considered the most important organ involved in glucuronidation, recent studies have focused on the role of the gastrointestinal tract in the glucuronidation of xenobiotics and endobiotics. Two UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms of human intestinal mucosa, which are absent in liver, have been identified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. mRNA...

As a specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor of Rac1, Tiam1 (T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis inducing protein 1) is involved in a number of cellular events, such as cytoskeleton reorganization, cell adhesion, and cell migration. Since Tiam1 was implicated in the invasion and metastasis of T-lymphoma cells and breast tumor cells, we compared the expression level of Tiam1 in two human gian...

Cathepsin X is a lysosomal cysteine protease exhibiting carboxypeptidase activity. Its expression is high in the cells of immune system and its function has been related to the processes of inflammatory and immune responses. It regulates processes such as adhesion, T lymphocyte activation and phagocytosis through its interaction with beta2 integrins. To investigate the role of cathepsin X in th...

Phage antibody library yields antibodies with higher affinity against different antigens, if diverse IgV gene repertoires can be amplified. As the currently available Fab primer sets cannot guarantee efficient amplification with high diversity, and because rare cloning sites can be found in certain Ig genes, here, we present an optimal set of Ig 5' primers, compatible with Fd 5' clone site repl...

Previous studies have shown that enforced expression of IFN-b suppressed tumor growth and metastasis. In this report, we determined whether the induction of nitric oxide synthase II (NOS II) gene is required for IFN-b-mediated antitumor activity using syngeneic mice with intact (NOS II) or genetically disrupted (NOS II) NOS II gene. PANC02-H7 highly metastatic murine pancreatic adenocarcinoma c...

BACKGROUND Echinococcosis or hydatidosis is a chronic, zoonotic worldwide infection caused by the larval stage of the dog taeniid tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Vaccination has been considered as one of the ways to prevent of hydatidosis in recent decades. The aim of this study was to construct a pcDNA3.1 eukaryotic expression vector containing the subunit 8-kDa antigen B (Hyd1) of E. granul...

BACKGROUND Protozoa related to Trypanosome family including Leishmania, synthesize enzymes to escape from drug therapy. One of them is PTR1 that its enzymatic activity is similar to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Dihydrofolate reductase - thymidylate synthase has a major role in DNA synthesis, if it is inhibited, the result would be the death of parasite. Since PTR1 activity is similar to DHFR...

To evaluate the feasibility of using pseudorabies virus (PrV) glycoprotein B (gB) as a carrier of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigens in DNA immunization, FMDV B- and T-cell epitopes were inserted either between the two B-cell epitopes of the N-term subunit of PrV-gB (BT-PrV-gB-N-term construct) or within the B-cell epitope of the C-term subunit of PrV-gB (BT-PrV-gB-C-term construct). ...