The internal structure of the revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R, German version; M. F. Scheier, C. S. Carver, & M. W. Bridges, 1994) was analyzed in a sample of 46,133 participants who ranged in age from 18 years to 103 years. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that dispositional optimism, as measured by the LOT-R, is bidimensional, consisting of an Optimism and a Pessimism factor. Consiste...

In this paper we deal with the basic two-period consumption saving problem where the first and second period consumption utility, respectively v and u is assumed to be concave as usually. Considering the usual assumption of identity of u and v, we show that prudence is fully characterized by the convexity of u′ in the EU model. More interesting we prove that for the RDEU model, prudence is full...

This work suggests the estimation method developed in relation to the position of the robotic system (RS) operator, showing his degree of risk proneness. The base models are: Hurwitz pessimism/optimism criterion and decision trees. The problem is solved using the reverse setting: we estimate pessimism/optimism parameter of the operator (decision taker) by observing what decisions he makes when ...

Fifty-eight percent of respondents to a recent poll (http://especiales.elsalvador.com/2016/encuesta-2-aniosgestion-presidencial/)commissioned by Salvadoran newspaper El Diario de Hoy said they do not think the government's implementation of "extraordinary measures" to combat the gangs are producing good results. (See chart below) El Salvador (http://www.insightcrime.org/el-salvador-organizedcri...

Modelling and analysis are important tools in the development of safety critical real-time systems. The introduction of state-of-the-art analysis techniques in industry is however rather slow. One reason for this is the pessimism in models and analysis, e.g., schedulability analysis for realistic systems are typically based on simplifying assumptions which leads to pessimism that forces designe...

We have studied the relationship between optimism, pessimism and entrepreneurial attitudes among university undergraduate students (n = 206). We used the revised Life Orientation Test [1] as a measure of optimism and pessimism and we hypothesized that technological potential entrepreneurs are more optimistic and less pessimistic than non-potential entrepreneurs. Our results show a main effect o...

There has been very limited research on the use of self-worth protection strategies in the achievement context of school physical education (PE). Thus, this study aimed to examine some antecedents and consequences of defensive pessimism and selfhandicapping. The sample comprised 534 (females n = 275; males n = 259) British pupils recruited from two schools who responded to established questionn...

There has been very limited research on the use of self-worth protection strategies in the achievement context of school physical education (PE). Thus, this study aimed to examine some antecedents and consequences of defensive pessimism and selfhandicapping. The sample comprised 534 (females n = 275; males n = 259) British pupils recruited from two schools who responded to established questionn...

The past literature indicates that performance is disrupted for defensive pessimists by encouragement. The goals of this research were to replicate this phenomenon, and then examine the mechanisms underlying it. Specifically, does the encouragement alleviate the anxiety defensive pessimists harness, and thus leave them unmotivated, or does it increase the pressure to perform well and make them ...