the second section of this paper deals with examples regarding the impact of islamic culture ; iranian tendencies toward islam before the arab invasion ; the impact of iranian culture on islamic culture, after arab invasion; the impact of iranian political culture on the arab's ruling systems. to do this, the most important and valid sources will be employed.

Zhahirul Islam, Alex van Belkum, Alison J. Cody, Helen Tabor, Bart C. Jacobs, Kaisar A. Talukder, and Hubert P. Endtz Author affiliations: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh (Z. Islam, K.A. Talukder, H.P. Endtz); Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (Z. Islam, A. van Belkum, H.P. Endtz, B.C. Jacobs); University of Oxfo...

Worldwide, Islam is the second most populous religion and, in many countries in the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia, and Africa, it is the predominant religion. The population of Muslims in the United States is projected to dramatically increase in the next few decades. Understanding the role of Islam for people who believe in and follow Islam-Muslims-will provide nurses with important pe...

This paper explores the ethical and legal pedagogy of the current debates on “reforming” Muslim societies, whether they claim to reform social and legal systems, reform educational institutions, or liberate Muslim women. Since these debates claim to achieve balance in global or domestic conflicts, I address the foundations of these debates by answering three questions: (1) Are the rationales fo...

BACKGROUND Traditionally, suicide rates were low in Islamic countries. However, the process of modernization can erode the ties of the individual to society and lead to questioning of religion and weakening of faith. Therefore, a cross-national study with the null hypothesis that there will be no relationship between general population suicide rates and the percentage of adherents of Islam was ...

Acknowledgments: L. de Koning conducted the analysis, interpreted the data, and wrote the manuscript. A. Merchant contributed to the interpretation of the data and editing of the manuscript. R. Hegele performed DNA extraction and genotyping, and contributed to editing of the manuscript. C. Xie contributed to interpretation of the data. S. Yusuf contributed to the design and execution of the stu...