The objective of this project is to develop and support the capability for synoptic and pseudo synoptic data collection through simultaneous operation of multiple AUVs. The goal is to use synoptic and pseudo synoptic measurements to efficiently characterize near land shallow water and sea bottom environments. An emphasis will be placed on shallow water hydrographic survey and locating and mappi...

This study was conducted to evaluate temperature, gas, and leachate data at two landfills in similar climatic regions (Detroit, Michigan, USA and Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan) to determine the interrelations between heat production and resulting waste temperatures and gas and leachate levels in landfills under variable decomposition conditions. Significant temperature increases occurred under lon...

MOD_FreeSurf2D is an open source MATLAB code that simulates fluid velocities and depths in rivers and streams. Although this model was designed for a specific purpose, MOD_FreeSurf2D can be employed in general scenarios when the depth-averaged, shallow water equations apply. The model approximates the depth-averaged, shallow water equations with a finite volume, semi-implicit, semi-Lagrangian r...

Many numerical methods have been developed for the solution of Poisson and Laplace equations such as finite-difference methods, finite-element methods, boundary-element methods, etc. Sinc numerical methods developed recently by Stenger and co-workers excel over other methods for problems involving singularities, infinite or semi-infinite domains as well as boundary layer behaviors. In this pape...

Plant adaptations to the environment are limited, and therefore plants in similar environments may display similar functional and physiological traits, a pattern termed functional convergence. Evidence was examined for functional convergence among 28 evergreen woody shrubs from three plant communities of the semi-arid winter rainfall region of southern California. Both leaf and water relations ...

A large reservoir of soil nitrate in desert subsoil zones has been demonstrated in previous studies; however, information on the subsoil nitrate reservoir and its distribution characteristics in the deserts of China is still limited. This study investigated the distribution patterns of soil total nitrogen (N), nitrate, ammonium, and stable isotopic ratios of (15)N (δ(15)N) in shallow (1 m) and ...

In this paper we study solutions of an inverse problem for a global shallow water model controlling its initial conditions speci ed from the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) datasets, in presence of full or incomplete observations being assimilated in a time interval(window of assimilation) with or without background error covariance terms. As an extension of the work in Chen et al., 2009, we a...

In this paper we study solutions of an inverse problem for a global shallow water model controlling its initial conditions speci ed from the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) datasets, in presence of full or incomplete observations being assimilated in a time interval (window of assimilation) with or without background error covariance terms. As an extension of the work in Chen et al., 2009, we ...