A female neonate was born by nontraumatic vaginal delivery at 41 weeks gestation to a 26-year-old caucasian woman following uncomplicated pregnancy. The mother denied any history of syphilis, herpes simplex infection, lupus erythematosus, autoimmune or hereditary bullous disorders. Examination approximately 2 hours postpartum revealed an active neonate with two superficial round erosions measur...

In the late nineteenth century a new subject-the infant behaviour of thumb suckingappeared on the medical stage. Thumb sucking emerged in the literature of the diseases of children in the late 1870s and had by 1910 become a standard entry in paediatric textbooks, where it remained for the next forty years. The habit is barely mentioned in medical textbooks today, but for turn-of-the-century pae...

In ants, we know most about the foraging patterns at the colony level. We know surprisingly little about the foraging behaviour of individual foragers and how they shape the behaviour of the colony. To identify spatial and temporal variation in foraging behaviour at the individual level, we studied at two nests the solitary foragers of the Australian jack jumper ant Myrmecia croslandi TAYLOR, 1...

Background: Despite the reduction of infant mortality in the world, complication of preterm birth is a major cause of infant mortality. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of abdominal massage and non-nutritive sucking on physiological parameters of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units in Emam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this randomized co...

The detrimental effects of prolonged pacifier use on the developing oral structures are often the primary focus of dental professionals; however, non-nutritive sucking with a pacifier has other consequences that include not only harmful effect but positive influences as well. This article will address some of the issues for consideration regarding the use of pacifiers and provide information fo...

A study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of the crib and positive reinforcement in eliminating anterior open bites and increased overjets caused by digit-sucking. The overjet and overbite were measured using an overjet ruler at the start and end of the seventeen-week observation period. Forty patients consented to participate but measurements were only obtained for 11 subjects. The tr...