Purpose Currently on additive manufacturing, extensive research is directed toward mitigating the main challenges associated with multi-material in fused filament fabrication which has a weak bonding strength between dissimilar materials. Low interfacial leads to defects, anisotropy and temperature gradient materials negatively impact mechanical performance of prints. The purpose this study was...

It is well known that the two-sample Student t test fails to maintain its significance level when the variances of treatment groups are unequal, and, at the same time, sample sizes are unequal. However, introductory textbooks in psychology and education often maintain that the test is robust to variance heterogeneity when sample sizes are equal. The present study discloses that, for a wide vari...

T h e covariance ma t r i x of a rotationally s y m m t r i c shape i s a scalar ident i ty ma t r i x . In this paper, w e apply this property of covariance m a t r i x t o deskew the skewed shape of rotational s y m m e t r y . T h e parameters of the deskew t rans format ion m a t r i x are solved by lett ing the covariance ma t r i x of t he t rans formed shape be equal t o a scalar ident i...

Assumption: The body shape relative to the body frame is a given function of time B0(t). We call this the standard shape. The current body shape B(t) is obtained under a translation and rotation of the body frame. The latter is defined by a positional matrix. To say that locomotion has occurred at time t means we have realized at time t a nonzero translation. Example: steady locomotion in two d...