with regard to the importance of determining the susceptibility level of sandflies to insecticides in control operations especially in leishmaniasis foci, the susceptibility status of p.papatasi collected from indoors in several villages in the rural districts of varzaneh and borkhar, isgahan was tested against 4.0% ddt following a standard who technique during 1991-92. these species is the mai...

OBJECTIVES To examine 3-year trends and spatial clustering in the prevalence of obesity among elementary-aged children in Pennsylvania. METHODS Height and weight were measured for ~980 000 children between ages 5 and 12 years, corresponding to kindergarten through grade 6 in 3 consecutive school years (2006-2007, 2007-2008, 2008-2009). These data were obtained at the school district level and...

BACKGROUND Assessment of the availability of essential medicines, in rural areas of countries with free state health care system, is scarce. Dependence on essential medicines among the population in rural sector is considered to be high. Assessing the availability of essential medicines in selected state owned primary and secondary health care institutions of a rural district will help to ident...

Although child mortality rates have dropped in India over the last two decades, neonatal mortality rates continue to be high. In this paper we use data from the unique nationally representative survey of India 2008 District Level Household Survey (DLHS-3) to analyse the links between neonatal mortality at the household level and household’s access to health facilities. Our empirical analysis un...

OBJECTIVE To investigate and compare determinates for delayed first presentation to antenatal care (ANC) services. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst pregnant women attending their first ANC visit in rural Capricorn District and peri-urban Tlokwe sub-district communities in South Africa. Data collection included questionnaires and medical record abstraction. Bivariate and m...

The quantity and quality is a significant element of population. Quality of population is depends on social status and Literacy is one of keysocio-economic progress meter of modern society and important aspect of Indian society. Being one of the most important indicators of socio-economic change, study of literacy pattern and trend of an area is quite important. “A person who can both read and ...

  Background: An important issue the world faces today is ensuring that households living in different countries have access to enough food to maintain a healthy life. Food insecurity is prevalent in both developed and developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess the household food security status and related factors among different rural districts of Neyshabur (A city i...

Although there is considerable on-going debate about the suitability and sustainability of community based water resources management (CBWRM) in Africa as a water provision strategy, evidence shows that this approach has gone a long way in promoting access to clean water amongst rural African communities. CBWRM provides an alternative approach to water provision for rural communities. This pape...