The five ambiguous words—sentence, proposition, judgment, statement, and fact—each have meanings that are vague in the sense of admitting borderline cases. This paper discusses several senses of these and related words used in logic. It focuses on a constellation of recommended primary senses. A judgment is a private epistemic act that results in a new belief; a statement is a public pragmatic ...

This article focuses on examining the semantics and stylistics of particles in Karakalpak language, a Turkic language primarily spoken Karakalpakstan. Particles play crucial role shaping meaning expression sentences any this study aims to shed light their significance within specific linguistic context Karakalpak. The explores semantic properties investigating individual meanings, functions, ro...

Image and sentence matching has made great progress recently, but it remains challenging due to the large visualsemantic discrepancy. This mainly arises from that the representation of pixel-level image usually lacks of high-level semantic information as in its matched sentence. In this work, we propose a semantic-enhanced image and sentence matching model, which can improve the image represent...

Proofs in Ludics, have an interpretation provided by their counter-proofs, that is the objects they interact with. We shall follow the same idea by proposing that sentence meanings are given by the counter-meanings they are opposed to in a dialectical interaction. In this aim, we shall develop many concepts of Ludics like designs (which generalize proofs), cut-nets, orthogonality and behaviours...

This paper argues that the linguistic forms of intonation that have scope over the whole sentence are morphemic, and should therefore be classified as suprasegmental sentence particles. In defense of this hypothesis, a range of studies are reviewed which argue that intonation expresses discourse meanings (or has grammatical functions), and that these meanings (or functions) are comparable to th...

Prior work presented the sentence tracker, a method for scoring how well a sentence describes a video clip or alternatively how well a video clip depicts a sentence. We present an improved method for optimizing the same cost function employed by this prior work, reducing the space complexity from exponential in the sentence length to polynomial, as well as producing a qualitatively identical re...