There are massive carbon stocks stored in permafrost-affected soils due to the 3-D soil movement process called cryoturbation. For a reliable projection of the past, recent and future Arctic carbon balance, and hence climate, a reliable concept for representing cryoturbation in a land surface model (LSM) is required. The basis of the underlying transport processes is pedon-scale heterogeneity o...

We introduce a simple variation of the additive heuristic used in the HSP planner that combines the benefits of the original additive heuristic, namely its mathematical formulation and its ability to handle non-uniform action costs, with the benefits of the relaxed planning graph heuristic used in FF, namely its compatibility with the highly effective enforced hill climbing search along with it...

Domain-Independent planning is notoriously a very hard search problem. In the literature, several techniques for search control have been proposed in the context of various planning formalisms. In particular, Landmark techniques have been widely used in the planning community in order to guide the search process or to define heuristic functions. A Landmark can be defined as a logical expression...

11 [1] In this study, we investigate the significance of using an 12 improved error modeling strategy to characterize the spatio13 temporal characteristics of uncertainty in simulation of soil 14 moisture fields from an off-line land surface model forced 15 with satellite rainfall data. We coupled a Two-Dimensional 16 Satellite Rainfall Error Model (SREM2D) with the Common 17 Land Model to prop...

A simple and high sensitive method employing a hybrid long period grating (LPG)/chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) for refractive index (RI) measurements is proposed and investigated experimentally. The wide wavelength range of backward cladding modes are excited through the coupling and recoupling between LPG and CFBG. Experimental results indicate that the recoupled cladding modes between LPG...

This paper gives a brief description of the recent improvements of the algebraic and logic programming language lpg. We mainly introduce the possibility to use disequa-tions (negation of equations), which involve user's deenable functions, in the deenition of predicates. Then we describe the operational semantics of lpg which is based on an extension of SLD?resolution in order to deal with equa...

Analyzing the process of land use and cover changes during long periods of time and predicting the future changes is highly important and useful for the land use managers. In this study, the land use maps in the Ardabil plain in north-west part of Iran for four periods (1989, 1998, 2009 and 2013) are extracted and analyzed through remote sensing technique, using the land-sat satellite images. T...