BACKGROUND Studies on costs incurred by patients for tuberculosis (TB) care are limited as these costs are reported as averages, and the economic impact of the costs is estimated based on average patient/household incomes. Average expenditures do not represent the poor because they spend less on treatment compared to other economic groups. Thus, the extent to which TB expenditures risk sending ...

Economists’ most basic model for studying Social Security policy issues is the so—called life—cycle model of saving behavior. This paper sets up a life—cycle model in which a household simultaneously chooses its lifetime consumption profile and retirement age. The paper calibrates parameters from Consumer Expenditure Survey data, making special use of observations of changes in household consum...

Abstract Household equivalent scale is an index to measure the impact of household demographic characteristics, such as the householder’s age and gender, the number of household members, etc., and plays a significant role in measuring poverty and inequality. By taking into account demographic characteristics differences, this index facilitates the reasonable comparison of households’ welfare,...

Rain-water-harvesting is one of the means by which agricultural production can be increased to meet the growing food demands in all regions. The study indentified the factor affecting rain-water-harvesting technology adoption for irrigation and farmers practice in water harvesting against drought in lowland woreda, Eastern Hararghe, Oromia Region. Both primary and secondary data were collected ...

I present a game-theoretical model to estimate consumption demand, accounting for intra-household interaction among household members. Although multiple Nash equilibria of consumption decisions may exist in a household, model parameters are pointwise identified from household-level data for households with only two members. I propose a semiparametric maximum likelihood estimator and apply it to...