managing the supply chain plays an important role in creating competitive advantages for companies. adequate information flow in supply chain is one of the most important issues in scm. therefore, using certain information systems can have a significant role in managing and integrating data and information within the supply chain. pharmaceutical supply chain is more complex than many other supp...

This paper develops a model for the closed-loop supply chain network design with disruption risk. By considering supply disruption, two factors including extra inventory and lateral transshipment are used as resilience strategies. The main purpose is to reduce the supply chain costs due to the location decisions, quantity of products between different levels and lost sale. Disruption in a suppl...

Supply Chain Formation is the process of determining the participants in a supply chain, who will exchange what with whom, and the terms of the exchanges. Decentralized supply chain formation appears as a highly intricate task because agents only possess local information and have limited knowledge about the capabilities of other agents. The decentralized supply chain formation problem has been...

This paper develops a dynamicmodel in a one-supplier-one-retailer fresh agricultural product supply chain that experiences supply disruptions during the planning horizon.The optimal solutions in the centralized and decentralized supply chains are studied. It is found that the retailer’s optimal order quantity and the maximum total supply chain profit in the decentralized supply chain with whole...

Abstract: A supply chain network perspective for electric power production, supply, transmission, and consumption is developed. The model is sufficiently general to handle the behavior of the various decision-makers, who operate in a decentralized manner and include power generators, power suppliers, the transmitters, as well as the consumers associated with the demand markets. The optimality c...

This article studies the optimization of pricing decisions in a supply chain with different channels under different power structure. Three different channel will be considered here; these include: the decentralized, the semi-integrated, and the integrated channel. There are two types of power balance structures for both the decentralized and the semi-integrated channels. The first type is a le...

This study contributes to the literature on supply chain coordination by coordinating the research and development (R&D) effort, retail price, and inventory decisions. It investigates a real case in the home appliance industry. The main purpose of this study is to examine the optimal values of R&D effort, pricing, and inventory decisions under decentralized and centralized structures. Then, a d...

In this paper, we explore the issue of coordination in a manufacturer-retailer supply chain where the manufacturer is socially responsible and invests in CSR activities. On the other hand, the retailer invests in promotional efforts and uses a periodic review order-up-to policy for replenishing items. First, the decentralized decision-making structure is modeled to calculate the minimum accepta...

In a supply chain management context, the enterprise architecture concept to efficiently support the collaborative processes among the supply chain members involved has been evolving. Each supply chain has an organizational structure that describes the hierarchical relationships among its members, ranging from centralized to decentralized organizations. From a decentralized perspective, each su...

Nowadays, the design of a strategic supply chain network under the incidence of disruption is regarded as one of the important priorities of governments. Supplying sustainable petrochemical products is considered as a strategic goal by managers who require reliable infrastructure design. Crisis conditions such as natural disasters and sanctions have a destructive effect on the raw materials and...