In this paper we present an overview of classical results about the variance reduction technique of control variates. We emphasize aspects of the theory that are of importance to the practitioner, as well as presenting relevant applications.

Monte Carlo simulation is widely used in many fields. Unfortunately, it usually requires a large amount of computer time to obtain even moderate precision so it is necessary to apply efficiency improvement techniques. Adaptive Monte Carlo methods are specialized Monte Carlo simulation techniques where the methods are adaptively tuned as the simulation progresses. The primary focus of such techn...

Field emission from carbon nanotubes (CNT) for display purposes was optimized using Design of Experiments (DOE). The brightness was improved by three orders of magnitude but the achieved gains could not be sustained in the “Control” phase of a DMAIC project and the process reverted to poor performance. It took an intense effort of circa two months to recover the process. Monte Carlo simulations...

optimal reactive power dispatch (orpd) is a multi-variable problem with nonlinear constraints and continuous/discrete decision variables. due to the stochastic behavior of loads, the orpd requires a probabilistic mathematical model. in this paper, monte carlo simulation (mcs) is used for modeling of load uncertainties in the orpd problem. the problem is formulated as a nonlinear constrained mul...

medicinal chemistry depends on many other disciplines ranging from organic chemistry andpharmacology to computational chemistry. typically medicinal chemists use the moststraightforward ways to prepare compounds. the validation of any design project comes from thebiological testing.studies of the binding site of vinblastine by a single cross—linking experiment identified it asbeing between resi...

in this paper, an interval approach is presented to achieve perfect selectivity and maximum sensitivity in distance relay zones, considering uncertainties. for this purpose, first, the uncertainties affecting the settings of the three zones of a distance relay are discussed. then, by using the monte-carlo simulation, the uncertainties are modelled and the impedances seen by the distance relay a...

background: gold nanoparticles (gnps) have been shown as a good radiosensitizer. in combination with radiotherapy, several studies with orthovoltage x-rays have shown considerable dose enhancement effects. this paper reports the dose enhancement factor (def) due to gnps in 18 megavoltage (mv) beams. materials and methods: different geometrical 50-nm gnps configurations at a concentration of 5 m...

background: exposure conditions in ct examinations are quite different from conventional xray. in ct examination higher dose is given to patient in comparison with the dose in other diagnostic examinations. in order to calculate organ effective dose in chest ct, monte carlo simulation has been used in this study. materials and methods: the impact survey data were used to determine the parameter...

in this work, based on experimental observations and exact theoretical predictions, the kinetic scheme of raft polymerization is extended to a wider range of reactions such as irreversible intermediate radical terminations and reversible transfer reactions. the reactions which have been labeled as kinetic scheme are the more probable existing reactions as the theoretical point of view. the deta...