The aim of this paper is to simulate the effects of some macroeconomic policy tools on production and inflation of Iran by the current worldwide financial and real crisis. The theoretical framework of the analysis is based on the so-called ‘IMF/World Bank Integrated Model’ which is the synthesis (a merger) of the basic monetary approach of the Balance of Payments used at t...

 A global economic recovery is expected to be ignited in 2010 but this will be characterized by very different growth trajectories among advanced and emerging economies. The downside risks are formidable. Sustaining this recovery will require skillful macroeconomic management. Exit strategies for fiscal stimulus will need to be carefully timed and credible fiscal consolidation plans nee...

 We examine permanent effects of monetary expansion in an economy where access to credit for financing consumption and investment is limited and consumers and firms are cash-constrained. The main difference between our model with those of Cooley-Hanson (1989) and Walsh (2003) is that investment, in addition to consumption, is subject to a cash-constraint. In this respect, our model is...

P2X receptors are ATP-gated cation channels consisting of three subunits that are mutually intertwined and form an upper, central, and extracellular vestibule with three lateral portals and the channel pore. Here we used cysteine and alanine scanning mutagenesis of the rat P2X4R receptor V47-V61 and K326-N338 sequences to study structural and functional properties of extracellular vestibule dur...

The light curves of ’hypernovae’, i.e. very energetic supernovae with E51 ≡ E/10ergs ∼ > 5− 10 are characterized at epochs of a few months by a phase of linear decline. Classical, onedimensional explosion models fail to simultaneously reproduce the light curve near peak and at the linear decline phase. The evolution of these light curves may however be explained by a simple model consisting of ...

Prior to the …nancial crisis mainstream monetary policy practice had become disconnected from money. We outline the basic rationale for this development using a simple model of money and credit in which we explore the conditions under which money matters directly for the conduct of policy. Then, drawing on Goodfriend and McCallum’s (2007) DSGE model, we examine the circumstances under which mon...

X-ray crystallography, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and biochemistry were utilized to investigate the effect of introducing hydrophobic interactions in the 4-fold (N148L and Q151L) and B-pores (D34F) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterioferritin B (BfrB) on BfrB function. The structures show only local structural perturbations and confirm the anticipated hydrophobic interactions. Surprisin...