Managers engage in income smoothing either to communicate private information about future earnings to investors (informativeness hypothesis) or to distort financial performance for opportunistic purposes (opportunism hypothesis). Business cycles and the monitoring role of institutional ownership may affect the earnings informativeness of income smoothing. The purpose of this research is to exa...

During times of inflation, the use of the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method of inventory valuation has the effect of lowering the reported earnings by excluding inventory holding gains from this number. Current income tax payments due on the reduced earnings are also lower. Taxes payable on inventory holding gains, therefore, are postponed until some future period when the inventory is liquidate...

We provide a detailed accounting of the trend increase in family income volatility in recent decades by quantifying the contributions of household head earnings, spouse earnings, non-transfer non-labor income, transfer income, and tax payments (inclusive of the refundable Earned Income Tax Credit), along with covariances among the income components. Using twoyear matched panels in the Current P...

491 National Tax Journal Vol. LX, No. 3 September 2007 Abstract The U.S. Social Security retired worker benefi t calculation is based on the average of the highest 35 years of each individual’s earnings; thus, payroll taxes for people with fl at or declining earnings can effectively become a pure tax near the end of their working careers. Individuals who still have zero or low–earning years bei...

Mr. Crockett: May I make an analogy and see whether it conveys any insights? In the finance field, we think of technology and liberalization as having driven the enormous changes in financial markets. Technology enables the better pricing of risk; liberalization allows risk to be more efficiently managed and traded. Could one say that something similar is taking place in labor markets? Technolo...

In the 1990s, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Costa Rica, and Brazil passed dual citizenship laws granting their expatriates the right to naturalize in the receiving country without losing their nationality of origin. I estimate the effects of these new laws on naturalization rates and labor market outcomes in the United States. Based on data from the 1990 and 2000 U.S. censuses, I f...

the purpose of this paper is to investigate the association between the intellectual capital of firms and their earnings quality. the research was conducted with 158 accepted companies and 948 firm-year observations from iran stock market. empirical studies were conducted based on hypothesis by value added intellectual coefficient as measures of intellectual capital and taking absolute value of...

today, a way of gaining constant and dynamic development is reforming of the ownerships structure, from governmental ownership to privatization ownership. so this policy in many countries, especially in developing countries, as a strategic policy has been used. compilation and performing principle 44, s policies of iran islamic republic law constitution which parliament has confirmed. one of th...

This paper examines the earnings differentials among hospital workers in the public, private nonprofit, and private for-profit sectors. Utilizing data from the 1995 through 2007 Current Population Surveys, unadjusted earnings are highest in the private nonprofit sector and lowest in private for-profit firms. Once measurable characteristics are accounted for, health practitioners in for-profit a...

Using quarterly data and benchmarks based on past performance-characteristics, I find little evidence that earnings change following 661 dividend decreases and 872 dividend omissions between 1980 and 1998. The exception is that earnings deteriorate during the quarter of dividend omissions, but they recover within a couple of quarters. My results further suggest that the lack of a more pronounce...