The influence of Multi-field coupling on EMHD (electromagnetic hydrodynamics) propulsion by surface has been numerically investigated in this paper. In former studies, induced item in Lorentz force is usually ignored due to low Reynolds number or weakly conductive fluid. However, for some special environments, this influence of induced item cannot be ignored anymore. Based on navigation model, ...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to examine how surface electrical stimulation of trunk musculature influences the kinematic, kinetic, and metabolic characteristics, as well as shoulder muscle activity, during wheelchair propulsion. METHODS Eleven participants with spinal cord injury propelled their own wheelchairs on a dynamometer at a speed of 1.3 m/s for three 5-minute trials. Du...

As battery and electric machine technologies improve, the electrification of aircraft propulsion systems may have potential to reduce energy consumption emissions transport aircraft. Incorporating electrical components adds a dimension system design space introduces new tradeoffs between weight efficiency. In this article, we apply numerical optimization conceptual regional category airplanes q...

There is an increasing need for the ship design process to take account of environmental issues such as the emission of greenhouse gases and the likely extension of a carbon dioxide charging mechanism to international shipping. These issues, together with the need for economic viability, provide further incentives to improve the efficiency of propulsion of ships. The main components of powering...

We present a detailed analysis of the self-propulsion of a model nanometer-scale motor by reactive molecular dynamics simulations. The nanomotor is decorated with catalysts on only one side that promotes exothermic reactions of the surrounding fuel. Unidirectional drift of the nanomotor is observed that is superimposed on its Brownian motion. The motor response upon the application of external ...

Aquatic and terrestrial animals have different swimming performances and mechanical efficiencies based on their different swimming methods. To explore propulsion in swimming frogs, this study calculated mechanical efficiencies based on data describing aquatic and terrestrial webbed-foot shapes and swimming patterns. First, a simplified frog model and dynamic equation were established, and hydro...

It is possible to create deformations in magnetically active polymeric materials by applying magnetic fields them. This work develops a symmetrical design scheme of the device, which drive and control are carried out two actuators located on opposite sides. The symmetric with from sides allows transporting objects (cargo) mutually directions (forward backward). proposed use gel together elastom...