The goal of this study was to map and quantify the number of newly constructed buildings in Accra, Ghana between 2002 and 2010 based on high spatial resolution satellite image data. Two semi-automated feature detection approaches for detecting and mapping newly constructed buildings based on QuickBird very high spatial resolution satellite imagery were analyzed: (1) post-classification comparis...

T h e application of the polymerase chain reaction ~l-s~ (PCR) to explore various areas of envi ronmenta l microbiology has the potential to solve m a n y difficult and unanswered questions about microbial activities in the env i ronment at the physiological and molecular levels. This review describes the use of PCR for the detection of specific microbes in envi ronmenta l samples and discusses...

With the wind permanent flow in the cities, obtaining the minimal pollution in the environment is accessible. Different policies have been considered for optimization of cities such as attachment and or reduction of building parts like air-traps, ceiling forms and so on. Due to population growth in cities and the increasing need for resettlement these people in the cities, inevitably, to the hi...

Georeferencing images is a laborious process so schemes for automating this process have been under investigation for some time. Among the most promising automatic registration algorithms are those based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT). The displacement between two given images can be determined by computing the ratio F1 conjðF2Þ=jF1F2j; and then applying the inverse Fourier transform. The ...

Thematic mapping is one of the major application fields of remote sensing techniques. Data quality of the thematic data was concerned about. At present, there are a lot of researches that focus on the uncertainty measures, modeling and visualization. But lacking an easy-to-use visualization system of classification uncertainty. The research work toward how to use uncertainty, especially how to ...

Greening of facades is a non-expensive option to increase the amount of vegetation in urban areas. Especially in areas with dense settlement, the filtering effect of facade greening can improve urban air quality. In this paper, results from field experiments and numerical simulations are presented. Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry the amount of heavy metals on leaf samples from seven houses...