A new metabolite of vitamin K, 2(3)-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl,3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (hydroxyvitamin K), has been identified as a product of vitamin K epoxide metabolism in hepatic microsomes from warfarin-resistant rats, but not in those derived from normal rats. The structure was determined by comparison of the high performance liquid chromatography retention times, UV, IR, CD, and ma...

Leukotriene (LT)A₄ and closely related allylic epoxides are pivotal intermediates in lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways to bioactive lipid mediators that include the leukotrienes, lipoxins, eoxins, resolvins, and protectins. Although the structure and stereochemistry of the 5-LOX product LTA₄ is established through comparison to synthetic standards, this is the exception, and none of these highly unst...

Formation of an epoxide before 9-membered ring cyclization and SmI2 mediated reductive olefination in the presence of the epoxide successfully produced the epoxybicyclo[7.3.0]dodecadienediyne core of the kedarcidin chromophore.

Aerobic cometabolism of cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (c-DCE) by a butane-grown mixed culture was evaluated in batch kinetic tests. The transformation of c-DCE resulted in the coincident generation of c-DCE epoxide. Chloride release studies showed approximately 75% oxidative dechlorination of c-DCE. Mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of a compound with mass-to-charge-fragment ratios of 112, 83...

Despite their differential effects on human metabolic pathophysiology, the differences in omental and subcutaneous lipidomes are largely unknown. To explore this field, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used for lipidome analyses of adipose tissue samples (visceral and subcutaneous) selected from a group of obese subjects (n=38). Transcriptomics and in vitro studies in ad...

The juvenile hormone activity of ethyl or methyl esters of aliphatic sesquiterpenic acids with 0 to 4 double bonds was tested on 8 species of insects belonging to 5 families of Hemiptera and Coleoptera. Special attention was paid to the addition of hydrogen chloride or epoxide groups on or across the double bonds. Certain chemical changes in the molecule appear to cause a general increase of th...

Angiogenesis inhibitors are a novel class of promising therapeutic agents for treating cancer and other human diseases. Fumagillin and ovalicin compose a class of structurally related natural products that potently inhibit angiogenesis by blocking endothelial cell proliferation. A synthetic analog of fumagillin, TNP-470, is currently undergoing clinical trials for treatment of a variety of canc...

The bacterial metabolism of propylene proceeds by epoxidation to epoxypropane followed by a sequence of three reactions resulting in epoxide ring opening and carboxylation to form acetoacetate. Coenzyme M (2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) (CoM) plays a central role in epoxide carboxylation by serving as the nucleophile for epoxide ring opening and the carrier of the C(3) unit that is ultimately c...

Modulation of DNA adduct formation by pre-existing adducts was examined in synthetic oligonucleotides and genomic DNA (calf thymus); genotoxins studied were N-acetoxy-acetylaminofluorene (N-AcO-AAF), aminofluorene (AF), aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide (AFB1-8,9-epoxide), and dimethylsulfate (DMS). Oligodeoxynucleotides containing either guanine-C8-AAF (Gua-C8-AAF) or Gua-C8-AF adducts and a neighborin...