Leakage power dissipation constitutes an increasing fraction of the total power in modern semiconductor technologies. Designing power efficient products will require consideration of leakage power in the earliest phases of design. This paper addresses bitwidth optimization focusing on leakage power reduction for system-level low-power design. By means of tuning the design parameter, bitwidth ta...

We study the catastrophic stationary self-focusing (collapse) of a laser beam in nonlinear Kerr media. The width of self-similar solutions near the collapse distance z = zc obeys the (zc − z)1/2 scaling law with the well-known leading-order modification of loglog type ∝ (ln | ln(zc − z)|)−1/2. We show that the validity of the loglog modification requires double-exponentially large amplitudes of...

Optics, Refraction and Refractive Error Refraction is the bending of light rays as they pass from one transparent medium to another medium of a different density; it is measured in diopters. The refractive power of a lens is the reciprocal of its focal length measured in meters (e.g., a one-diopter lens has a focal point of 1 m; a two-diopter lens has a focal length of 0.5 m). The cornea and th...

a total of 781 serum and 827 red cell samples from four populations of iran (kashan, ardestan, asrara and ardabil) were sub-typed by isoelectric focusing for group-specific componet and red cell enzyme phosphoglucomutase, locus one, respectively. heterogeneity test revealed no significant differences among the populations studied regarding both pgm1 and gc systems.